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We will be progressively moving most code to C#.
The plan is to only use Mono's embedding APIs to set things at launch.
This will make it much easier to later support CoreCLR too which
doesn't have rich embedding APIs.
Additionally the code in C# is more maintainable and makes it easier
to implement new features, e.g.: runtime codegen which we could use to
avoid using reflection for marshaling everytime a field, property or
method is accessed.
SOME NOTES ON INTEROP
We make the same assumptions as GDNative about the size of the Godot
structures we use. We take it a bit further by also assuming the layout
of fields in some cases, which is riskier but let's us squeeze out some
performance by avoiding unnecessary managed to native calls.
Code that deals with native structs is less safe than before as there's
no RAII and copy constructors in C#. It's like using the GDNative C API
directly. One has to take special care to free values they own.
Perhaps we could use roslyn analyzers to check this, but I don't know
any that uses attributes to determine what's owned or borrowed.
As to why we maily use pointers for native structs instead of ref/out:
- AFAIK (and confirmed with a benchmark) ref/out are pinned
during P/Invoke calls and that has a cost.
- Native struct fields can't be ref/out in the first place.
- A `using` local can't be passed as ref/out, only `in`. Calling a
method or property on an `in` value makes a silent copy, so we want
to avoid `in`.
REGARDING THE BUILD SYSTEM
There's no longer a `mono_glue=yes/no` SCons options. We no longer
need to build with `mono_glue=no`, generate the glue and then build
again with `mono_glue=yes`. We build only once and generate the glue
(which is in C# now).
However, SCons no longer builds the C# projects for us. Instead one
must run `build_assemblies.py`, e.g.:
```sh
%godot_src_root%/modules/mono/build_scripts/build_assemblies.py \
--godot-output-dir=%godot_src_root%/bin \
--godot-target=release_debug`
```
We could turn this into a custom build target, but I don't know how
to do that with SCons (it's possible with Meson).
OTHER NOTES
Most of the moved code doesn't follow the C# naming convention and
still has the word Mono in the names despite no longer dealing with
Mono's embedding APIs. This is just temporary while transitioning,
to make it easier to understand what was moved where.
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Configured for a max line length of 120 characters.
psf/black is very opinionated and purposely doesn't leave much room for
configuration. The output is mostly OK so that should be fine for us,
but some things worth noting:
- Manually wrapped strings will be reflowed, so by using a line length
of 120 for the sake of preserving readability for our long command
calls, it also means that some manually wrapped strings are back on
the same line and should be manually merged again.
- Code generators using string concatenation extensively look awful,
since black puts each operand on a single line. We need to refactor
these generators to use more pythonic string formatting, for which
many options are available (`%`, `format` or f-strings).
- CI checks and a pre-commit hook will be added to ensure that future
buildsystem changes are well-formatted.
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Previously we had a placeholder solution called 'Managed' to benefit from
tooling while editing the a part of the C# API.
Later the bindings generator would create the final 'GodotSharp' solution
including these C# files as well as the auto-generated C# API.
Now we replaced the 'Managed' solution with the final 'GodotSharp' solution
which is no longer auto-generated, and the bindings generator only takes
care of the auto-generated C# API.
This has the following benefits:
- It's less confusing as there will no longer be two versions of the same file
(the original and a generated copy of it). Now there's only one.
- We no longer need placeholder for auto-generated API classes, like Node or
Resource. We used them for benefiting from tooling. Now we can just use the
auto-generated API itself.
- Simplifies the build system and bindings generator. Removed lot of code
that is not needed anymore.
Also added a post-build target to the GodotTools project to copy the output to
the data dir. This makes it easy to iterate when doing changes to GodotTools,
as SCons doesn't have to be executed anymore just to copy these new files.
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Make the build system automatically build the C# Api assemblies to be shipped with the editor.
Make the editor, editor player and debug export templates use Api assemblies built with debug symbols.
Always run MSBuild to build the editor tools and Api assemblies when building Godot.
Several bugs fixed related to assembly hot reloading and restoring state.
Fix StringExtensions internal calls not being registered correctly, resulting in MissingMethodException.
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